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Albert B. Cummins
Albert Baird Cummins (February 15, 1850July 30, 1926) was the 18th Governor of Iowa, U.S. Senator and two-time presidential candidate. Cummins was perhaps the most influential leader in Iowa politics in the first quarter of the 20th century. However, for many years he was a polarizing figure, leading the Iowa Republican Party's progressive wing to power at the expense of its "old guard" of more conservative "standpatters" who had controlled the party almost since its inception. Shortly before his death, Cummins was defeated by an even more progressive adversary within his own party.
==Biography==
Cummins was born in a log house in Carmichaels, Pennsylvania to Thomas L. Cummins, a carpenter/farmer, and Sarah Baird (Flenniken) Cummins.〔John D. Buenker, "(Albert Baird Cummins )," in ''The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa'', p. 110 (2008).〕 He lived in Pennsylvania until about 1869, and attended Greene Academy.〔Michael Kramme, "Governors of Iowa," 51-53 (The Iowan Books: 2006).〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 "National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania" ) ''Note:'' This includes 〕 As a young man, he worked as a carpenter with his father.〔 He attended country schools and completed a four-year course in two years at Waynesburg College,〔 but did not graduate because of a dispute with the College's president.〔 After leaving the College, he initially was a tutor and taught at a country school.〔
At age nineteen, Cummins came to Iowa, working in a county recorder's office in Elkader, Iowa.〔 He then became a civil engineer and helped to build railroads in Indiana.〔 After moving to Chicago, where he studied law, he was admitted to the bar in 1875.〔 After practicing law in Chicago for three years, he and his brother set up a practice in Des Moines.〔 In his most famous case as an attorney, he represented a group of farmers in an attempt to break an eastern sydicate's control of the production of barbed wire.〔 However, historians consider his representation of farmers in the barbed wire case to be an anomaly, because more often he represented corporations or businessmen.〔
In 1887 Cummins was elected to a single term in the Iowa State Senate representing Des Moines. He was asked to serve as temporary chair of the 1892 State Republican Convention.〔Cyrenus Cole, "A History of the People of Iowa," p. 482, 486, 514-17, 520-23 (Torch Press, Cedar Rapids: 1921).〕 He unsuccessfully pursued a seat in the U.S. Senate in 1894.〔 In 1896 he was active in the William McKinley campaign, and was appointed as Iowa's representative on the Republican National Committee.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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